Familismo and Therapy: How Does Familismo Show up in Therapy?
Black and white picture of a family taking a walk with pink background
In the tapestry of human culture, few threads are as vibrant and enduring as those woven by family. For many Latinx communities, the concept of familismo—the prioritization of family above the individual—sits at the heart of identity, relationships, and daily life. Familismo isn’t simply a value; it’s a way of being, an ever-present compass that guides decisions, shapes aspirations, and colors responses to both joy and adversity.
As the conversation around mental health broadens and grows more inclusive, it becomes increasingly important for therapists and mental health professionals to understand familismo and its profound influence on the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of clients from Latinx backgrounds. In this blog post, we will explore the nuances of familismo, the unique challenges and opportunities it presents in therapy.
What is Familismo?
Familismo refers to a deeply rooted cultural value in many Latinx families that emphasizes loyalty, reciprocity, and solidarity among immediate and extended family members. At its core, it asserts that the needs and interests of the family unit often supersede those of the individual.
This is seen in:
· Decision-Making: Choices about career, education, relationships, and health are often made with the family’s welfare in mind.
· Obligation: There is an expectation that family members provide emotional, financial, and practical support to each other, especially in times of need.
· Respect: Elders are often revered, and maintaining harmony within the family is a central goal.
· Collectivism: The family is seen as a collective entity, where the success or struggles of one member are shared by all.
Though these values are a source of strength and resilience, they can also pose challenges, particularly in individual-focused contexts such as therapy.
Familismo can act as a double-edged sword when it comes to mental health.
Strengths:
· Social Support: Family can be a powerful buffer against life’s stressors, providing care, empathy, and tangible resources. When family is supportive of therapy this can help a person make progress in the healing journey.
· Resilience: The sense of belonging and responsibility fostered by familismo often enables individuals to weather adversity with greater strength. With family support people can often overcome obstacles and find support in moments of crisis.
· Cultural Identity: Familismo helps maintain intergenerational connections and cultural heritage, anchoring individuals in a shared history and tradition. Being part of the Latnix community can be a strength specially when one feels like “ I am the only one” going through this. If one can find that support in the same cultural group the journey can be less isolating.
Potential Challenges:
· Personal Sacrifice: Individual needs or desires may be suppressed for the perceived good of the family, leading to unaddressed mental health issues. At times if this can create feelings of depression or anxiety if a person is expected to suppress their own needs. Many years of personal sacrifice may also lead to resentment and anger in Latinx families. If unaddressed these feelings can create disfunction and worsen mental health.
· Stigma: Seeking help outside the family (especially from mental health professionals) may be viewed as a sign of weakness or betrayal. A Latinx family may feel guilty or angry that a family member is seeking help outside the family unit. Latinx families may also be worried about family “secrets” exposed. At times Latinx families can also be afraid of immigration status being exposed.
· Confidentiality Concerns: Discussing family matters with outsiders may feel uncomfortable or inappropriate. This is especially true when there is no clear understanding how confidentiality in therapy works or limits of confidentiality.
· Enmeshment: High expectations and tight-knit relationships can sometimes lead to blurred boundaries and interdependence that hinder personal autonomy. There may be an unspoken worry that “they will leave the family behind” if a person becomes more independent. In tight-knit Latinx families there may also be the concern that some will “think they are better” that the rest of the family for seeking therapy and healing. This can lead to rejection from family members that are not in the same path of person growth.
Therapy, as traditionally practiced in Western societies, tends to emphasize individuality, self-actualization, and personal boundaries. For individuals from familismo-oriented backgrounds, this approach may feel alien or even threatening. Clients may be reluctant to challenge familial norms or express needs that conflict with family expectations.
Common barriers include:
· Mistrust of therapists who are not familiar with Latinx cultural values. Finding a therapy that is not familiar with Latinx culture in crucial in feeling understood and navigating all the challenges that come with familismo.
· Language differences and lack of culturally competent providers.
· Fear of being judged or misunderstood.
· Practical concerns, such as cost, transportation, and time constraints, which may be exacerbated for families with collective obligations.
Despite these barriers, therapy can be a transformative and empowering experience—especially when it honors and integrates the principles of familismo. As a Latina Therapist I often explore with client how familismo shows up in the own families. Familismo can be both a positive and negative force in therapy. Being aware of how it impacts each person in therapy is very helpful. No two Latinx families are the same and it is important to create a safe space in therapy where this can be explored.
Leverage Strengths of Familismo
Celebrate the resilience, love, and support that familismo offers. Identify ways the family can be a resource in the healing process.
In therapy I like to support clients in expressing their individual needs and boundaries without diminishing their connection to family. Help them navigate situations where personal and using culturally appropriate problem-solving skills. This can be a challenging balance but and important one for Latinx people in therapy.
Familismo is a powerful cultural force—one that can nurture, shelter, and unite individuals, but also present unique challenges when personal needs are at odds with family expectations. For mental health professionals, understanding familismo is essential for providing effective, respectful, and transformative care to Latinx clients.
By embracing the richness and diversity of the Latinx community we can begin honoring the values at the heart of each individual’s life. Therapists and clients alike can build bridges toward healing. Therapy, when practiced with sensitivity and respect for familismo, becomes not just a space for individual growth, but a celebration of family and community.
In the end, healing is not a solitary journey. It is one that, for many, is walked hand in hand with those they love.
We are here to help you start your therapy journey. We offer culturally component bilingual and bicultural therapy. We know how incorporate familismo into therapy. Contact us to get started info@pattymunoztherapy.com we offer a free 15- minute consultation (909) 206-4613 . We offer in person therapy in Rancho Cucamonga, CA and virtually throughout CA.
